PLANT: Caulescent annuals or subshrubs (in AZ). LEAVES: simple, cauline, stipulate, petiolate or sessile, the lower usually opposite, the upper alternate in ours. INFLORESCENCE: flowers solitary or in axillary clusters of 2‑4; pedicels of ours with distinct abscission joint from which the flower usually bends outward or deflexes downward. FLOWERS: sepals subequal, not auriculate; petals unequal, the lower petal much larger than the others, more or less gibbous on underside, narrowed in middle of blade, the tip wide‑spatulate. FRUITS: globose to ovoid, glabrous; cleistogamous flowers and fruits present in ours. SEEDS: ca. 4‑6, globose to slightly flattened, with a prominent whitish caruncle. NOTES: Ca. 150 spp. primarily of tropical and subtropical areas, N. and S. Amer., Australia, Africa, Asia; 2 spp. in AZ. (Greek: hybos = humpbacked + anthos = flower). REFERENCES: Little, R. John. Violaceae. 2001. J. Ariz. – Nev. Acad. Sci. Volume 33(1).