Flowers: sepal cusps 0.1-0.3 mm; styles often bent or contorted, 0.3-0.6(-0.7) mm. Flowering late spring-fall. Rocky places and woodlands, especially on shales; 0-2000 m; Ala., Ga., Md., N.J., N.C., Pa., S.C., Tenn., Va., W.Va.